1When Ephraim spoke,13:1 Jb 29:21–22 there was trembling;
2Now they continue to sin
idols skillfully made from their silver,13:2 Is 44:17–20
all of them the work of craftsmen.13:2 Hs 8:6
People say about them,
“Let the men who sacrifice13:2 Or “Those who make human sacrifices kiss the calves.”13:2 Hs 8:5–6; 10:5
like the early dew that vanishes,
or like smoke from a window.13:3 Ps 68:2
Death and Resurrection
ever since13:4 DSS, LXX read God who brought you out of the land of Egypt;
in the land of drought.
6When they had pasture,
they were satisfied,
and their hearts became proud.13:6 Hs 7:14
I will lurk like a leopard13:7 Jr 5:6 on the path.
8I will attack them
like a bear robbed of her cubs
and tear open the rib cage over their hearts.
I will devour them there like a lioness,13:8 Ps 50:22
like a wild beast that would rip them open.
9I will destroy you, Israel;
you have no help but me.13:9 LXX reads At your destruction, Israel, who will help you?13:9 Jr 2:17,19; Hs 6:1–2; Mal 1:12–13
that he may save you in all your cities,
“Give me a king and leaders”?
and take away a king in my wrath.13:11 1Kg 14:7–10; Hs 10:7
12Ephraim’s guilt is preserved;
his sin is stored up.13:12 Dt 32:34–35; Jb 14:17; Rm 2:5
when the time comes,
he will not be born.13:13 Lit he will not present himself at the opening of the womb for sons13:13 Is 37:3; 66:9
14I will ransom them from the power of Sheol.
I will redeem13:14 Or Should I ransom...? Should I redeem...? them from death.13:14 Hs 6:1–2
Death, where are your barbs?
Sheol, where is your sting?13:14 1Co 15:55
The Coming Judgment
an east wind will come,13:15 Gn 41:6; Jr 4:11–12; Ezk 17:10; 19:12
a wind from the Lord rising up from the desert.
His water source will fail,
and his spring will run dry.13:15 Jr 51:36
The wind13:15 Probably the Assyrian king will plunder the treasury13:15 Jr 20:5
of every precious item.
because she has rebelled against her God.13:16 Hs 7:14
They will fall by the sword;13:16 Hs 11:6
their children will be dashed to pieces,13:16 Hs 10:14
and their pregnant women ripped open.13:16 2Kg 15:16
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